The Hajj – Adapting the Global Islamic Ritual to Pandemic Conditions

This paper looks at how the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) adapted novel circumstances created by COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The has been an entirely and, probably, dominant liminal situation which significantly affected behavior of faithful way their individual identity transformed, least psychological sense. Following introductory overview, provides a brief description ritual process Hajj, author briefly various ways travel Saudi Arabia from historical perspective, as well new technical health aspects entailed adaptation this global conditions. Rituals are, undoubtedly, deeply connected human psychological, but also social needs inclinations, help preserve functionality dysfunctional situations such natural disasters or spread diseases. Similarly, they provide safe zone conditions drastic unwanted change. therefore points out very specific type ambivalence accompanies fact that reaction times crisis is "close ranks", became extremely difficult practically unfeasible distancing implemented measure prevent coronavirus 2020-21. conclusion highlights latest experience with had medical, economic, social, political, religious implications long-term consequences for organization Hajj.